All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	29	4	25	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	25
SolidStart	29
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	4
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	25
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	387	11	207.93MB	186.65MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.80MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	1 / 6	227	8	124.34MB	99.61MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	147	28	66.36MB	69.75MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	1
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
React Router	6
SolidStart	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SolidStart	8
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
SvelteKit	28
Nuxt	63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	66.36 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	124.34 MB
Astro	207.93 MB
Nuxt	208.80 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.61s	1.42s	2.18s	0.98s	0.87s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.53s	0.52s	0.55s	0.38s	0.38s	0.01MB
Next.js	3.15s	3.00s	3.60s	5.28s	5.28s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.93s	2.80s	3.26s	3.90s	3.83s	2.46MB
React Router	1.14s	1.10s	1.18s	1.78s	1.70s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.21s	1.19s	1.23s	2.71s	2.77s	0.51MB
SvelteKit	2.63s	1.18s	8.39s	2.70s	2.69s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.89s	1.75s	1.97s	5.14s	5.07s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.53s
React Router	1.14s
SolidStart	1.21s
Astro	1.61s
TanStack Start	1.89s
SvelteKit	2.63s
Nuxt	2.93s
Next.js	3.15s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.38s
Astro	0.98s
React Router	1.78s
SvelteKit	2.70s
SolidStart	2.71s
Nuxt	3.90s
TanStack Start	5.14s
Next.js	5.28s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.38s
Astro	0.87s
React Router	1.70s
SvelteKit	2.69s
SolidStart	2.77s
Nuxt	3.83s
TanStack Start	5.07s
Next.js	5.28s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.51 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	30
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	189.8ms	189.93ms
Next.js	387.6ms	387.6ms
Nuxt	266.6ms	266.6ms
React Router	226.2ms	226.32ms
SolidStart	168.8ms	168.9ms
SvelteKit	200.6ms	200.78ms
TanStack Start	220ms	220.05ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SolidStart	168.80 ms
Astro	189.80 ms
SvelteKit	200.60 ms
TanStack Start	220.00 ms
React Router	226.20 ms
Nuxt	266.60 ms
Next.js	387.60 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SolidStart	168.90 ms
Astro	189.93 ms
SvelteKit	200.78 ms
TanStack Start	220.05 ms
React Router	226.32 ms
Nuxt	266.60 ms
Next.js	387.60 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	135.8ms	135.52ms
Mastro	144.8ms	144.93ms
Next.js	177.8ms	177.82ms
Nuxt	165.6ms	165.63ms
React Router	160.2ms	160.21ms
SolidStart	145.4ms	145.26ms
SvelteKit	150.8ms	150.84ms
TanStack Start	178.6ms	178.57ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	135.80 ms
Mastro	144.80 ms
SolidStart	145.40 ms
SvelteKit	150.80 ms
React Router	160.20 ms
Nuxt	165.60 ms
Next.js	177.80 ms
TanStack Start	178.60 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	135.52 ms
Mastro	144.93 ms
SolidStart	145.26 ms
SvelteKit	150.84 ms
React Router	160.21 ms
Nuxt	165.63 ms
Next.js	177.82 ms
TanStack Start	178.57 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	838	1.205ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	674	1.433ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	253	3.869ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	229	4.561ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	362	2.675ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	351	2.822ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	432	2.241ms	224.17kb	2x
SvelteKit	452	2.146ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	327	3.04ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec data
Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	838
Astro	674
SvelteKit	452
SolidStart	432
Nuxt	362
React Router	351
TanStack Start	327
Mastro	253
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size data
Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	224.17 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.21 ms
Astro	1.43 ms
SvelteKit	2.15 ms
SolidStart	2.24 ms
Nuxt	2.67 ms
React Router	2.82 ms
TanStack Start	3.04 ms
Mastro	3.87 ms
Next.js	4.56 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,556.8	50	20ms	41ms	118ms	46,379
Astro	1,167.41	50	39ms	65ms	370ms	34,879
Mastro	573.8	25	49ms	150ms	1474ms	17,878
Next.js	38	5	2183ms	4647ms	4709ms	1,016
Nuxt	66.8	10	2036ms	4225ms	4433ms	2,144
React Router	171	25	328ms	1211ms	4005ms	5,563
SolidStart	504.2	25	110ms	486ms	2193ms	15,815
SvelteKit	467.4	25	84ms	510ms	2590ms	14,717
TanStack Start	43.4	5	3770ms	4252ms	4608ms	1,342

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	20.00 ms
Astro	39.00 ms
Mastro	49.00 ms
SvelteKit	84.00 ms
SolidStart	110.00 ms
React Router	328.00 ms
Nuxt	2036.00 ms
Next.js	2183.00 ms
TanStack Start	3770.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	41.00 ms
Astro	65.00 ms
Mastro	150.00 ms
SolidStart	486.00 ms
SvelteKit	510.00 ms
React Router	1211.00 ms
Nuxt	4225.00 ms
TanStack Start	4252.00 ms
Next.js	4647.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	118.00 ms
Astro	370.00 ms
Mastro	1474.00 ms
SolidStart	2193.00 ms
SvelteKit	2590.00 ms
React Router	4005.00 ms
Nuxt	4433.00 ms
TanStack Start	4608.00 ms
Next.js	4709.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
Mastro	44.00 ms
SvelteKit	64.00 ms
SolidStart	71.00 ms
React Router	148.00 ms
Nuxt	381.00 ms
Next.js	744.00 ms
TanStack Start	807.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	34.00 ms
Astro	44.00 ms
Mastro	92.00 ms
SvelteKit	143.00 ms
SolidStart	153.00 ms
React Router	303.00 ms
Nuxt	527.00 ms
TanStack Start	766.00 ms
Next.js	2515.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	75.00 ms
Astro	90.00 ms
SolidStart	171.00 ms
Mastro	195.00 ms
SvelteKit	234.00 ms
React Router	412.00 ms
Nuxt	816.00 ms
TanStack Start	1282.00 ms
Next.js	2863.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.